![]() ![]() (1994) reported strong agreement ( κ = 0.95) in the differentiation of autism from non-spectrum diagnoses however, agreement fell ( κ = 0.65) when assessing the reliability of distinguishing between autistic disorder and PDD-NOS. ![]() Data from the DSM-IV autism/PDD field trial suggests that the lack of clarity in diagnostic criteria for PDD-NOS influences diagnostic accuracy and reduces agreement among raters. PDD-NOS is one of the most commonly diagnosed spectrum disorders epidemiological data reported by Chakrabarti and Fombonne (2001) indicate that PDD-NOS diagnoses are at least twice as common as diagnoses of autistic disorder.Īlthough it is a common clinical diagnosis, the use of PDD-NOS as a sub-threshold category without clear diagnostic cutoffs makes reliable use of the diagnosis difficult. PDD-NOS is also commonly used to describe atypical symptoms of autism, cases in which onset is not prior to 30 months of age, and individuals who present with autism symptoms and comorbid disorders, such as ADHD ( Buitelaar et al. Clinically, PDD-NOS diagnoses are generally used for less severe cases that do not meet full criteria for autistic disorder or cases in which the required profile of diagnostic criteria is not present (e.g., an individual who does not have at least two symptoms in the social domain). A diagnosis of PDD-NOS is commonly used as a diagnosis of exclusion and is often seen as a “catch all” diagnostic category used when criteria for other PDD diagnoses are not met ( Filipek et al. 1994).ĭespite ongoing theoretical debate regarding the categorical boundaries of PDD-NOS, no reliable diagnostic criteria have emerged ( Matson and Boisjoli 2007). Pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) is often thought to represent the less severe end of a spectrum of autism severity and is sometimes loosely interchanged with the label of high functioning autism to denote a milder version of autism ( Volkmar et al. ![]() The conceptualization of autism as a spectrum disorder suggests that the disorder exists on a continuum of impairment, with autistic disorder representing the most severe presentation of the disorder. If you are concerned that you, or a friend or relative, may have ASC, please discuss these concerns with your GP or family doctor or ask the National Autistic Society (NAS) or equivalent charity in your country, for advice.Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interactions, deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors or unusual or severely limited interests ( American Psychiatric Association 2000). None of them are diagnostic: No single score on any of our tests or questionnaires indicates that an individual has an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). Licence: From the website: Our tests are posted on our website to enable free access to academic researchers. Brayne, (2004) The CAST (Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test) : test accuracy Autism :45-68 Brayne, (2002) The CAST (Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test) : Preliminary development of UK screen for mainstream primary-school children Autism 6(1):9-31 A study done in 2005 showed that the test has good test-retest reliability and that 97% of children did not move between score groups Williams et.al.Īuthors and Citations: F. The positive predictive value is moderate and the test has good validity and has been shown to be reliable. Measurement properties and previous use: The tool has been evaluated in several papers and has shown good sensitivity and specificity when using a score cut-point of > 15 (maximum possible score is 31). Target Population: School aged children aged 4-11 Type of Measure: The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test, formerly known as the Childhood Asperger’s Syndrome Test is a 37 item parental questionnaire that screens for possible cases of autism spectrum conditions and related social and communication conditions. ![]()
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